InvestmentTrackerApp/PortfolioJournal/ViewModels/DashboardViewModel.swift

import Foundation
import Combine
import CoreData

@MainActor
class DashboardViewModel: ObservableObject {
    // MARK: - Published Properties

    @Published var portfolioSummary: PortfolioSummary = .empty
    @Published var monthlySummary: MonthlySummary = .empty
    @Published var categoryMetrics: [CategoryMetrics] = []
    @Published var categoryEvolutionData: [CategoryEvolutionPoint] = []
    @Published var recentSnapshots: [Snapshot] = []
    @Published var sourcesNeedingUpdate: [InvestmentSource] = []
    @Published var latestPortfolioChange: PortfolioChange = .empty
    @Published var isLoading = false
    @Published var errorMessage: String?
    @Published var selectedAccount: Account?
    @Published var showAllAccounts = true

    // MARK: - Chart Data

    @Published var evolutionData: [(date: Date, value: Decimal)] = []

    // MARK: - Dependencies

    private let categoryRepository: CategoryRepository
    private let sourceRepository: InvestmentSourceRepository
    private let snapshotRepository: SnapshotRepository
    private let calculationService: CalculationService
    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
    private var isRefreshing = false
    private var refreshQueued = false
    private let maxHistoryMonths = 60

    // MARK: - Performance: Caching
    private var cachedFilteredSources: [InvestmentSource]?
    private var cachedSourcesHash: Int = 0
    private var lastAccountId: UUID?
    private var lastShowAllAccounts: Bool = true

    // MARK: - Initialization

    init(
        categoryRepository: CategoryRepository? = nil,
        sourceRepository: InvestmentSourceRepository? = nil,
        snapshotRepository: SnapshotRepository? = nil,
        calculationService: CalculationService? = nil
    ) {
        self.categoryRepository = categoryRepository ?? CategoryRepository()
        self.sourceRepository = sourceRepository ?? InvestmentSourceRepository()
        self.snapshotRepository = snapshotRepository ?? SnapshotRepository()
        self.calculationService = calculationService ?? .shared

        setupObservers()
        loadData()
    }

    // MARK: - Setup

    private func setupObservers() {
        // Performance: Combine multiple publishers to reduce redundant refresh calls
        // Use dropFirst to avoid initial trigger, and debounce to coalesce rapid changes
        Publishers.Merge(
            categoryRepository.$categories.map { _ in () },
            sourceRepository.$sources.map { _ in () }
        )
        .dropFirst(2) // Skip initial values from both publishers
        .debounce(for: .milliseconds(300), scheduler: DispatchQueue.main)
        .sink { [weak self] _ in
            self?.invalidateCache()
            self?.refreshData()
        }
        .store(in: &cancellables)

        // Observe Core Data changes with coalescing
        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .NSManagedObjectContextObjectsDidChange)
            .debounce(for: .milliseconds(500), scheduler: DispatchQueue.main)
            .compactMap { [weak self] notification -> Void? in
                guard let self, self.isRelevantChange(notification) else { return nil }
                return ()
            }
            .sink { [weak self] _ in
                self?.invalidateCache()
                self?.refreshData()
            }
            .store(in: &cancellables)
    }

    private func isRelevantChange(_ notification: Notification) -> Bool {
        guard let info = notification.userInfo else { return false }
        let keys: [String] = [
            NSInsertedObjectsKey,
            NSUpdatedObjectsKey,
            NSDeletedObjectsKey,
            NSRefreshedObjectsKey
        ]

        for key in keys {
            if let objects = info[key] as? Set<NSManagedObject> {
                if objects.contains(where: { $0 is Snapshot || $0 is InvestmentSource || $0 is Category }) {
                    return true
                }
            }
        }
        return false
    }

    // MARK: - Data Loading

    func loadData() {
        isLoading = true
        errorMessage = nil

        queueRefresh(updateLoadingFlag: true)
    }

    func refreshData() {
        queueRefresh(updateLoadingFlag: false)
    }

    private func queueRefresh(updateLoadingFlag: Bool) {
        refreshQueued = true
        if updateLoadingFlag {
            isLoading = true
        }

        guard !isRefreshing else { return }

        isRefreshing = true
        Task { [weak self] in
            guard let self else { return }
            while self.refreshQueued {
                self.refreshQueued = false
                await self.refreshAllData()
            }
            self.isRefreshing = false
            if updateLoadingFlag {
                self.isLoading = false
            }
        }
    }

    private func refreshAllData() async {
        let categories = categoryRepository.categories
        let sources = filteredSources()
        let allSnapshots = filteredSnapshots(for: sources)

        // Calculate portfolio summary
        portfolioSummary = calculationService.calculatePortfolioSummary(
            from: sources,
            snapshots: allSnapshots
        )

        monthlySummary = calculationService.calculateMonthlySummary(
            sources: sources,
            snapshots: allSnapshots
        )

        // Calculate category metrics
        categoryMetrics = calculationService.calculateCategoryMetrics(
            for: categories,
            sources: sources,
            totalPortfolioValue: portfolioSummary.totalValue
        ).sorted { $0.totalValue > $1.totalValue }

        // Get recent snapshots
        recentSnapshots = Array(allSnapshots.prefix(10))

        // Get sources needing update
        let accountFilter = showAllAccounts ? nil : selectedAccount
        sourcesNeedingUpdate = sourceRepository.fetchSourcesNeedingUpdate(for: accountFilter)

        // Calculate evolution data for chart
        updateEvolutionData(from: allSnapshots, categories: categories)
        latestPortfolioChange = calculateLatestChange(from: evolutionData)

        // Log screen view
        FirebaseService.shared.logScreenView(screenName: "Dashboard")
    }

    private func filteredSources() -> [InvestmentSource] {
        // Performance: Cache filtered sources to avoid repeated filtering
        let currentHash = sourceRepository.sources.count
        let accountChanged = lastAccountId != selectedAccount?.id || lastShowAllAccounts != showAllAccounts

        if !accountChanged && cachedFilteredSources != nil && cachedSourcesHash == currentHash {
            return cachedFilteredSources!
        }

        lastAccountId = selectedAccount?.id
        lastShowAllAccounts = showAllAccounts
        cachedSourcesHash = currentHash

        if showAllAccounts || selectedAccount == nil {
            cachedFilteredSources = sourceRepository.sources
        } else {
            cachedFilteredSources = sourceRepository.sources.filter { $0.account?.id == selectedAccount?.id }
        }
        return cachedFilteredSources!
    }

    /// Invalidates cached data when underlying data changes
    private func invalidateCache() {
        cachedFilteredSources = nil
        cachedSourcesHash = 0
    }

    private func filteredSnapshots(for sources: [InvestmentSource]) -> [Snapshot] {
        let sourceIds = sources.compactMap { $0.id }
        return snapshotRepository.fetchSnapshots(
            for: sourceIds,
            months: maxHistoryMonths
        )
    }

    private func updateEvolutionData(from snapshots: [Snapshot], categories: [Category]) {
        let summary = calculateEvolutionSummary(from: snapshots)
        let categoriesWithData = Set(summary.categoryTotals.keys)
        let categoryLookup = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: categories.map { ($0.id, $0) })

        evolutionData = summary.evolutionData
        categoryEvolutionData = summary.categorySeries.flatMap { entry in
            entry.valuesByCategory.compactMap { categoryId, value in
                guard categoriesWithData.contains(categoryId),
                      let category = categoryLookup[categoryId] else {
                    return nil
                }
                return CategoryEvolutionPoint(
                    date: entry.date,
                    categoryName: category.name,
                    colorHex: category.colorHex,
                    value: value
                )
            }
        }
    }

    private struct EvolutionSummary {
        let evolutionData: [(date: Date, value: Decimal)]
        let categorySeries: [(date: Date, valuesByCategory: [UUID: Decimal])]
        let categoryTotals: [UUID: Decimal]
    }

    private func calculateEvolutionSummary(from snapshots: [Snapshot]) -> EvolutionSummary {
        guard !snapshots.isEmpty else {
            return EvolutionSummary(evolutionData: [], categorySeries: [], categoryTotals: [:])
        }

        // Performance: Pre-allocate capacity and use more efficient data structures
        let sortedSnapshots = snapshots.sorted { $0.date < $1.date }

        // Use dictionary to deduplicate dates more efficiently
        var uniqueDateSet = Set<Date>()
        uniqueDateSet.reserveCapacity(sortedSnapshots.count)
        for snapshot in sortedSnapshots {
            uniqueDateSet.insert(Calendar.current.startOfDay(for: snapshot.date))
        }
        let uniqueDates = uniqueDateSet.sorted()

        guard !uniqueDates.isEmpty else {
            return EvolutionSummary(evolutionData: [], categorySeries: [], categoryTotals: [:])
        }

        // Pre-allocate dictionaries with estimated capacity
        var snapshotsBySource: [UUID: [(date: Date, value: Decimal, categoryId: UUID?)]] = [:]
        snapshotsBySource.reserveCapacity(Set(sortedSnapshots.compactMap { $0.source?.id }).count)
        var categoryTotals: [UUID: Decimal] = [:]

        for snapshot in sortedSnapshots {
            guard let sourceId = snapshot.source?.id else { continue }
            let categoryId = snapshot.source?.category?.id
            snapshotsBySource[sourceId, default: []].append(
                (date: snapshot.date, value: snapshot.decimalValue, categoryId: categoryId)
            )
            if let categoryId {
                categoryTotals[categoryId, default: 0] += snapshot.decimalValue
            }
        }

        // Pre-allocate result arrays
        var indices: [UUID: Int] = [:]
        indices.reserveCapacity(snapshotsBySource.count)
        var evolution: [(date: Date, value: Decimal)] = []
        evolution.reserveCapacity(uniqueDates.count)
        var series: [(date: Date, valuesByCategory: [UUID: Decimal])] = []
        series.reserveCapacity(uniqueDates.count)

        // Track last known value per source for carry-forward optimization
        var lastValues: [UUID: (value: Decimal, categoryId: UUID?)] = [:]
        lastValues.reserveCapacity(snapshotsBySource.count)

        for (index, date) in uniqueDates.enumerated() {
            let nextDate = index + 1 < uniqueDates.count
                ? uniqueDates[index + 1]
                : Date.distantFuture
            var total: Decimal = 0
            var valuesByCategory: [UUID: Decimal] = [:]

            for (sourceId, sourceSnapshots) in snapshotsBySource {
                var currentIndex = indices[sourceId] ?? 0

                while currentIndex < sourceSnapshots.count && sourceSnapshots[currentIndex].date < nextDate {
                    let snap = sourceSnapshots[currentIndex]
                    lastValues[sourceId] = (value: snap.value, categoryId: snap.categoryId)
                    currentIndex += 1
                }

                indices[sourceId] = currentIndex

                // Use last known value (carry-forward)
                if let lastValue = lastValues[sourceId] {
                    total += lastValue.value
                    if let categoryId = lastValue.categoryId {
                        valuesByCategory[categoryId, default: 0] += lastValue.value
                    }
                }
            }

            evolution.append((date: date, value: total))
            series.append((date: date, valuesByCategory: valuesByCategory))
        }

        return EvolutionSummary(
            evolutionData: evolution,
            categorySeries: series,
            categoryTotals: categoryTotals
        )
    }

    private func calculateLatestChange(from data: [(date: Date, value: Decimal)]) -> PortfolioChange {
        guard data.count >= 2 else {
            return PortfolioChange(absolute: 0, percentage: 0, label: "since last update")
        }
        let last = data[data.count - 1]
        let previous = data[data.count - 2]
        let absolute = last.value - previous.value
        let percentage = previous.value > 0
            ? NSDecimalNumber(decimal: absolute / previous.value).doubleValue * 100
            : 0
        return PortfolioChange(absolute: absolute, percentage: percentage, label: "since last update")
    }

    func goalEtaText(for goal: Goal, currentValue: Decimal) -> String? {
        let target = goal.targetDecimal
        let lastValue = evolutionData.last?.value ?? currentValue

        if currentValue >= target {
            return "Goal reached. Keep it steady."
        }

        guard let months = estimateMonthsToGoal(target: target, lastValue: lastValue) else {
            return "Keep going. Consistency pays off."
        }

        if months == 0 {
            return "Almost there. One more check-in."
        }

        let baseDate = evolutionData.last?.date ?? Date()
        let estimatedDate = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .month, value: months, to: baseDate)
        if months >= 72 {
            return "Long journey, strong discipline. You're building momentum."
        }

        if let estimatedDate = estimatedDate {
            return "Estimated: \(estimatedDate.monthYearString)"
        }

        return "Estimated: \(months) months"
    }

    private func estimateMonthsToGoal(target: Decimal, lastValue: Decimal) -> Int? {
        guard evolutionData.count >= 3 else { return nil }
        let recent = Array(evolutionData.suffix(6))
        guard let first = recent.first, let last = recent.last else { return nil }
        let monthsBetween = max(1, first.date.monthsBetween(last.date))
        let delta = last.value - first.value
        guard delta > 0 else { return nil }
        let monthlyGain = delta / Decimal(monthsBetween)
        guard monthlyGain > 0 else { return nil }
        let remaining = target - lastValue
        guard remaining > 0 else { return 0 }
        let months = NSDecimalNumber(decimal: remaining / monthlyGain).doubleValue
        return Int(ceil(months))
    }

    // MARK: - Computed Properties

    var hasData: Bool {
        !filteredSources().isEmpty
    }

    var totalSourceCount: Int {
        sourceRepository.sourceCount
    }

    var totalCategoryCount: Int {
        categoryRepository.categories.count
    }

    var pendingUpdatesCount: Int {
        sourcesNeedingUpdate.count
    }

    var topCategories: [CategoryMetrics] {
        Array(categoryMetrics.prefix(5))
    }

    // MARK: - Formatting

    var formattedTotalValue: String {
        portfolioSummary.formattedTotalValue
    }

    var formattedDayChange: String {
        portfolioSummary.formattedDayChange
    }

    var formattedMonthChange: String {
        portfolioSummary.formattedMonthChange
    }

    var formattedYearChange: String {
        portfolioSummary.formattedYearChange
    }

    var isDayChangePositive: Bool {
        portfolioSummary.dayChange >= 0
    }

    var isMonthChangePositive: Bool {
        portfolioSummary.monthChange >= 0
    }

    var isYearChangePositive: Bool {
        portfolioSummary.yearChange >= 0
    }

    var formattedLastUpdate: String {
        portfolioSummary.lastUpdated?.friendlyDescription ?? "Not yet"
    }
}