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Full coverage of XSLT 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 elements and XPath functions: - 59 XSLT elements (xsl:stylesheet → xsl:use-accumulators) - 170 XPath functions (1.0 node/string/numeric/boolean, 2.0 sequence/ date/QName/string, 3.0 HOF/map/array/JSON/streaming) Each page: description, parameters table, return value, 2 runnable Saxon examples with input XML + stylesheet + output, notes, cross-links. xsltCompletions.js: all 229 entries now have blogSlug for hover links. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
121 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "xsl:include"
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description: "Merges another stylesheet's top-level declarations into the current stylesheet at the same import precedence."
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date: 2026-04-18T00:00:00Z
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version: "1.0"
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versionLabel: "XSLT 1.0"
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category: "element"
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syntax: '<xsl:include href="uri"/>'
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tags: ["xslt", "reference", "xslt1"]
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---
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## Description
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`xsl:include` incorporates the top-level declarations of another stylesheet into the including stylesheet as if they had been written there directly. Unlike `xsl:import`, the included declarations have the **same import precedence** as the declarations in the including stylesheet. This means there is no override relationship — conflicts between included and including templates follow the same conflict-resolution rules as ordinary duplicates (a processor may signal an error or choose the last declaration).
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`xsl:include` is the right choice when you want to split a large stylesheet into modular files that all operate at the same level. Common patterns include separating formatting templates, utility named templates, and domain-specific rules into distinct files that are included by a master stylesheet.
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`xsl:include` must appear as a top-level child of `xsl:stylesheet`, and it must appear after all `xsl:import` elements but before any templates, variable declarations, or other top-level declarations.
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## Attributes
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| Attribute | Type | Required | Description |
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|-----------|------|----------|-------------|
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| `href` | URI reference | Yes | Location of the stylesheet to include. Resolved relative to the including stylesheet's base URI. |
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## Examples
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### Modular stylesheet organisation
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**utilities.xsl** (the included file):
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
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<xsl:template name="upper-first">
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<xsl:param name="text"/>
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<xsl:value-of select="concat(
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translate(substring($text,1,1),
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'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
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'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'),
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substring($text,2))"/>
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</xsl:template>
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</xsl:stylesheet>
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```
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**main.xsl** (the including stylesheet):
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
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<xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>
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<xsl:include href="utilities.xsl"/>
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<xsl:template match="/words">
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<result>
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<xsl:for-each select="word">
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<item>
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<xsl:call-template name="upper-first">
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<xsl:with-param name="text" select="."/>
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</xsl:call-template>
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</item>
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</xsl:for-each>
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</result>
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</xsl:template>
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</xsl:stylesheet>
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```
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**Input XML:**
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<words>
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<word>hello</word>
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<word>world</word>
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</words>
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```
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**Output:**
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```xml
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<result>
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<item>Hello</item>
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<item>World</item>
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</result>
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```
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### Including a shared output configuration
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**output-settings.xsl**:
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
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<xsl:output method="html" indent="yes" encoding="UTF-8"
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doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"/>
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</xsl:stylesheet>
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```
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**page.xsl**:
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
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<xsl:include href="output-settings.xsl"/>
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<xsl:template match="/page">
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<html><body><p><xsl:value-of select="."/></p></body></html>
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</xsl:template>
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</xsl:stylesheet>
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```
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## Notes
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- Circular inclusion (A includes B which includes A) is an error. Processors must detect and reject cycles.
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- Because included declarations have the same precedence as the including stylesheet's own declarations, duplicate template rules may cause conflict. Use `xsl:import` if you want a clear override relationship.
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- `xsl:include` is resolved at stylesheet load time, not at transformation time; the referenced URI must be accessible when the processor compiles the stylesheet.
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- The included stylesheet's own `xsl:output` declarations merge with those of the including stylesheet. When there are conflicts, the `xsl:output` attribute from the stylesheet with higher import precedence wins.
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## See also
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- [xsl:import](../xsl-import)
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- [xsl:stylesheet](../xsl-stylesheet)
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